"""
Scatter plot with histograms
============================

To create a scatter plot with histograms at the sides of the plot one can use
:meth:`pygmt.Figure.plot` in combination with :meth:`pygmt.Figure.histogram`. The
positions of the histograms are plotted by offsetting them from the main scatter plot
using :meth:`pygmt.Figure.shift_origin`.
"""

# %%
import numpy as np
import pygmt

# Generate random x-, y-coordinates from a standard normal distribution.
# x-values are centered on 0 with a standard deviation of 1, and y-values are centered
# on 30 with a standard deviation of 2.
rng = np.random.default_rng()
x = rng.normal(loc=0, scale=1, size=1000)
y = rng.normal(loc=30, scale=2, size=1000)

# Get axis limits from the data limits. Extend the limits by 0.5 to add some margin.
xmin = np.floor(x.min()) - 0.5
xmax = np.ceil(x.max()) + 0.5
ymin = np.floor(y.min()) - 0.5
ymax = np.ceil(y.max()) + 0.5

# Set fill color for symbols and bars.
fill = "seagreen"

# Set the dimensions of the scatter plot.
width, height = 10, 8

fig = pygmt.Figure()
fig.basemap(
    region=[xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax],
    projection=f"X{width}/{height}",
    frame=["WSrt", "af"],
)

# Plot data points as circles with a diameter of 0.15 centimeters and set transparency
# level for all circles to deal with overplotting.
fig.plot(x=x, y=y, style="c0.15c", fill=fill, transparency=50)

# Shift the plot origin in y-direction temporarily and add top margin histogram.
with fig.shift_origin(yshift=height + 0.25):
    fig.histogram(
        projection=f"X{width}/3",
        frame=["Wsrt", "xf", "yaf+lCounts"],
        # Give the same value for ymin and ymax to have them calculated automatically.
        region=[xmin, xmax, 0, 0],
        data=x,
        fill=fill,
        pen="0.1p,white",
        histtype=0,
        series=0.2,
    )

# Shift the plot origin in x-direction temporarily and add right margin histogram.
with fig.shift_origin(xshift=width + 0.25):
    # Plot the horizontal histogram.
    fig.histogram(
        horizontal=True,
        projection=f"X3/{height}",
        # Note that the x- and y-axes are flipped, with the y-axis plotted horizontally.
        frame=["wSrt", "xf", "yaf+lCounts"],
        region=[ymin, ymax, 0, 0],
        data=y,
        fill=fill,
        pen="0.1p,white",
        histtype=0,
        series=0.2,
    )
fig.show()